镜下撬顶复位植骨填充治疗Schatzke Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折

[目的]介绍镜下撬顶复位植骨填充治疗Schatzke Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]2017年1月一2018年1月,对16例Schatzke Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折患者采用关节镜监视下撬顶复位,植入同种异体骨,并以自体骨栓填塞固定进行治疗。首先建立标准膝关节镜内外侧入路,利用前叉定位器确定胫骨平台塌陷的中心点,调整好角度并钻人1枚导针。利用骨软骨移植系统中取骨器,在导针的引导下,取出长约1.5 cm的圆柱状骨栓。使用骨软骨移植系统中配套的平头圆形顶棒,由所建立的骨通道直达塌陷胫骨平台下方,并在关节镜监视下缓慢进行撬顶,使胫骨平台恢复平整。然后将同种异体骨由取骨器的空腔塞入复位平台的下方,并在关节镜监视下再次用平头圆形顶棒打压实。最后待植骨充分后,将所取骨栓填塞至骨窗中。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,无严重并发症,随访24~40个月。与术前相比,末次随访时膝关节屈伸活动度(ROM)、VAS评分和IKDC评分均显著改善(P<0.05)。[结论]关节镜下撬顶复位植骨填充治疗Schatzkelll型胫骨平台骨折具有直视下复位和手术创伤小的优点,取得良好疗效。     

抗凝血酶Ⅲ预测脓毒症患者死亡的价值

目的分析脓毒症患者凝血功能与预后的关系,探讨抗凝血酶Ⅲ(antithrombinⅢ,AT-Ⅲ)活性预测脓毒症预后的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2018年6月1日至12月31日在我院重症医学科治疗的脓毒症患者62例,男37例,女25例,年龄22~88岁,根据确诊脓毒症后30 d内的死亡情况将患者分为两组:死亡组(n=21)和生存组(n=41)。收集患者性别、年龄、实验室检查等资料,比较两组确诊脓毒症当天的外周静脉血AT-Ⅲ、凝血指标[D-2聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、凝血酶原时间(PT)]、C反应蛋白(CRP)、Plt等。结果死亡组AT-Ⅲ活性明显低于生存组[(57.3±16.9)%vs(76.1±21.1)%,P<0.001]。AT-Ⅲ是脓毒血症患者死亡预后的独立预测因素(OR=0.949,95%CI 0.917~0.982,P=0.03)。AT-Ⅲ预测脓毒症患者死亡预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.748(95%CI 0.621~0.875,P<0.001),以AT-Ⅲ值62.0%为临界值,其预测的敏感度为78.0%,特异度为61.9%。结论脓毒症早期抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性的降低可能预示着预后不良,抗凝血酶Ⅲ作为早期评估脓毒症严重程度的指标对临床具有重要的指导意义。     

Prevalence of carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria and associated factors in a French hospital

ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL-PE) in a healthcare facility.MethodsIn 2016 a serial cross-sectional survey of ESBL-PE carriage in a French university hospital was conducted. All patients present on the day of the survey were screened for ESBL-PE carriage. Demographic characteristics and risk factors for ESBL-PE carriage were collected.ResultsIn all, 146/844 patients (17%) were digestive carriers of ESBL-PE; of these, 96 (66%) had not previously been identified. Among patients carrying ESBL-PE, Escherichia coli (62%) and CTX-M type (94%) predominated. Greater age, recent travel abroad, receipt of antibiotic, and prolonged hospitalization were associated with ESBL-PE carriage.ConclusionGiven the high prevalence of ESBL-PE and the high proportion of unknown carriers, our results strongly suggest reinforcing standard precautions rather than contact precautions for controlling the spread of ESBL-PE.     

Predicted MHC peptide binding promiscuity explains MHC class I ‘hotspots’ of antigen presentation defined by mass spectrometry eluted ligand data

Peptides that bind to and are presented by MHC class I and class II molecules collectively make up the immunopeptidome. In the context of vaccine development, an understanding of the immunopeptidome is essential, and much effort has been dedicated to its accurate and cost‐effective identification. Current state‐of‐the‐art methods mainly comprise in silico tools for predicting MHC binding, which is strongly correlated with peptide immunogenicity. However, only a small proportion of the peptides that bind to MHC molecules are, in fact, immunogenic, and substantial work has been dedicated to uncovering additional determinants of peptide immunogenicity. In this context, and in light of recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS), the existence of immunological hotspots has been given new life, inciting the hypothesis that hotspots are associated with MHC class I peptide immunogenicity. We here introduce a precise terminology for defining these hotspots and carry out a systematic analysis of MS and in silico predicted hotspots. We find that hotspots defined from MS data are largely captured by peptide binding predictions, enabling their replication in silico. This leads us to conclude that hotspots, to a great degree, are simply a result of promiscuous HLA binding, which disproves the hypothesis that the identification of hotspots provides novel information in the context of immunogenic peptide prediction. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrate that the signal of ligand processing, although present in the MS data, has very low predictive power to discriminate between MS and in silico defined hotspots.